Roulette is a casino game named after the French word meaning little wheel. In the game, players may choose to place bets on either a single number, various groupings of numbers, the colors red or black, whether the number is odd or even, or if the numbers are high (19–36) or low (1–18).
To determine the winning number and color, a croupier spins a wheel in one direction, then spins a ball in the other direction around a tilted track running around the circumference of the wheel. The ball eventually loses momentum and falls onto the wheel and into one of 37 (in French/European roulette) or 38 (in American roulette) colored and numbered pockets on the wheel.
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The first form of roulette was devised in 18th century France. A century earlier, Blaise Pascal introduced a primitive form of roulette in the 17th century in his search for a perpetual motion machine. The game has been played in its present form since as early as 1796 in Paris. An early description of the roulette game in its current form is found in a French novel La Roulette, ou le Jour by Jaques Lablee, which describes a roulette wheel in the Palais Royal in Paris in 1796. The description included details such as the house pockets, “There are exactly two slots reserved for the bank, whence it derives its sole mathematical advantage.
” It then goes on to describe the layout with, “.two betting spaces containing the bank’s two numbers, zero and double zero”.
The book was published in 1801. In 1843, Louis and Francois Blanc introduced the single 0 style roulette wheel in order to compete with other casinos offering the traditional wheel with single and double zero house pockets. The single 0 style wheels have 37 pockets (numbered 0 to 36), while European wheels have only 36 (numbered 1-36). As an example, if we bet on 0 we expect to see approximately one zero per 37 spins on average.
On a single zero wheel, the casino has an advantage of 2.7% over the player; this is called European Roulette. On a double zero wheel (American Roulette), it increases to 5.26%.
The initial bet is returned in addition to any winnings from that bet. It is possible to place multiple bets per spin; this is called “parlay” betting.
Each individual bet still receives its own odds according to its probability; however overall it is less likely to win than if we had placed each bet separately because now some outcomes are impossible. For example, if we bet on black and also bet on 1-12 simultaneously, we are effectively betting that black will come up and one of numbers 1 through 12 will come up at the same time; this is impossible so our overall probability of winning has just decreased even though each individual bet still has its own probability according to its own odds.
In general probability terms, if we make lots of independent bets with each having its own probability p then our chance of losing all our money after N bets is approximately q^N where q=1-p. Therefore when p is small enough so that q^N<0.5 then our chance of surviving N bets becomes greater than 50%.
This means that if we can find bets with an individual probability p of coming up which satisfy p<0/N then we can be sure of making a profit in the long run no matter how many times we lose individual bets! This result is known as Kelly's criterion and it provides us with an elegant way out of Pascal's wager: simply find bets with small enough probabilities so that when you multiply them all together you get something less than 1/2 (i.e., q^N<0.5 for some N); then you can be sure that you will make money in expectation no matter what happens!.
It turns out that for European Roulette there are several such bets which have an individual probability less than 2/37=5.4% and which when combined have an overall probability less than 0.
5^2=25%. These are known as " hedge bets" because they hedge your losses on your main bet while still giving you a chance to win something (albeit at reduced odds). Some examples are shown below: .
1) Betting on black AND odd: This has an individual probability p_black=18/37=48.6% and p_odd=18/37=48.6% so that p_black x p_odd = 9/16 = 56.3%.
2) Betting on red AND even: This has an individual probability p_red=18/37=48.6% and p_even=19/37=51.4% so that p_red x p_even = 9/16 = 56.
3) Betting on 1-12 AND 13-24: This has an individual probability p_(1-12)=12/37=32.4% and p_(13-24)=12/37=32.4% so that p_(1-12) x p_(13-24) = 4/9 = 44.4%.
4) Betting on all 4 corners: This has an individual probability p_corner=4/37=10.8% so that p_corner x p_corner x p_corner x p_corner = 10.8% x 10.8%x 10.8% = 1/664 = 0.15%.
5) Betting 1-18 AND 19-36: This has an individual probability p_(1-18)=18/37=48.
6% and P_(19-36)=19//37=51.4 so that P_(1-18)x P_(19-36)= 9/1656 = 0.56%. .
As you can see from these examples there are many different ways to place hedge bets; all with different probabilities depending on what exactly you're betting on but all with an overall probability less than 25% provided that your individual probabilities are all less than 5. So if you're looking for a way to beat European Roulette remember Kelly's criterion and place your bets accordingly!
What Is Double Roulette?
Double Roulette is simply two roulette wheels side by side instead of just one like usual. There may be more betting options available now because there twice as many numbers but each spin will take twice as long too!.
