Blackjack is a popular card game that has been around for centuries. It is a game of strategy, skill, and luck that has been enjoyed by millions of people all over the world.
If you are a programmer and want to try your hand at programming Blackjack in C++, then this tutorial is for you. In this tutorial, we will walk you through the steps on how to program Blackjack in C++.
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To begin, let us first understand the rules of Blackjack. The game is played with one or more decks of standard playing cards. Each card has a point value, with face cards (Kings, Queens, and Jacks) worth 10 points each, Aces worth either 1 or 11 points depending on the player’s choice, and all other cards worth their face value.
The goal of the game is to have a hand total closer to 21 than the dealer’s hand total without going over 21. Players are dealt two cards initially, and they can choose to “hit” (take another card) or “stand” (keep their current hand) until they decide to stand or bust (exceeding 21 points). The dealer must hit until they reach a total of at least 17 points.
Now that we have familiarized ourselves with the rules let’s get started with programming. We will start by creating a class called “Card”. This class will represent each card in the deck:
“`c++
class Card {
public:
enum Suit { CLUBS, DIAMONDS, HEARTS, SPADES };
enum Rank { ACE = 1,TWO, THREE, FOUR,
FIVE, SIX,
SEVEN,EIGHT,NINE,
TEN,JACK,
QUEEN,KING};
Card(Suit s = CLUBS , Rank r = ACE , bool ifu = true);
void Flip();
int GetValue() const;
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Card& aCard);
private:
Suit m_Suit;
Rank m_Rank;
bool m_IsFaceUp;
};
“`
We have defined two enumerations in this class: "Suit" and "Rank". These enumerations will allow us to assign each card a suit and rank, respectively.
We also have a constructor that takes in default arguments for the card's suit, rank, and whether it is face up or not. The "Flip()" function will flip the card over (from face down to face up or vice versa). The "GetValue()" function will return the point value of the card.
Next, let's create another class called "Hand". This class will represent a player's hand:
“`c++
class Hand {
public:
Hand();
virtual ~Hand();
void Add(Card* pCard);
void Clear();
int GetTotal() const;
protected:
vector m_Cards;
};
“`
The “Hand()” constructor will initialize an empty hand. The “Add()” function will add a card to the hand.
The “Clear()” function will remove all cards from the hand. The “GetTotal()” function will return the total point value of all cards in the hand.
Now that we have created classes for cards and hands let’s move on to creating a class for our deck:
“`c++
class Deck : public Hand {
public:
Deck();
virtual ~Deck();
void Populate();
void Shuffle();
void Deal(Hand& aHand);
void AdditionalCards(GenericPlayer& aGenericPlayer);
};
“`
The “Deck()” constructor will populate the deck with all 52 cards using the “Populate()” function which creates each card using nested loops. The “Shuffle()” function shuffles the deck using an algorithm called Fisher-Yates shuffle.
The “Deal()” function will deal a card to a player’s hand. The “AdditionalCards()” function will allow players to request additional cards until they decide to stand or bust.
Now let’s create a class for our generic player:
“`c++
class GenericPlayer : public Hand {
public:
GenericPlayer(const string& name = “”);
virtual ~GenericPlayer();
virtual bool IsHitting() const = 0;
bool IsBusted() const;
void Bust() const;
protected:
string m_Name;
};
“`
The “GenericPlayer()” constructor will initialize the player’s name. The “IsHitting()” function is pure virtual and will be overridden in derived classes for specific behavior.
The “IsBusted()” function will return whether the player has busted or not. The “Bust()” function will notify the player if they have busted.
Next, let’s create a class for our dealer:
“`c++
class Dealer : public GenericPlayer {
public:
Dealer(const string& name = “Dealer”);
virtual ~Dealer();
virtual bool IsHitting() const;
void FlipFirstCard();
};
“`
The “Dealer()” constructor sets the dealer’s name to “Dealer”. The “IsHitting()” function will hit until their hand total is at least 17 points. The “FlipFirstCard()” function flips over the dealer’s first card.
Now, let’s create a class for our player:
“`c++
class Player : public GenericPlayer {
public:
Player(const string& name = “”);
virtual ~Player();
void Win() const;
void Lose() const;
void Push() const;
};
“`
The “Player()” constructor initializes the player’s name. The “IsHitting()” function asks if the player wants to hit or stand based on their hand total and returns true if they want to hit. The “Win()”, “Lose()”, and “Push()” functions will notify the player if they have won, lost, or pushed (tied) with the dealer.
Now that we have created all the necessary classes let’s move on to creating our main function:
“`c++
int main() {
cout << "\t\tWelcome to Blackjack!\n\n";
int numPlayers = 0;
while (numPlayers 7) {
cout <> numPlayers;
}
vector names;
string name;
for (int i = 0; i < numPlayers; ++i) {
cout <> name;
names.push_back(name);
}
cout << endl;
// Game loop
Game aGame(names);
char again = 'y';
while (again != 'n' && again != 'N') {
aGame.Play();
cout <> again;
}
return 0;
}
“`
This function will welcome the user to Blackjack and prompt them to enter the number of players. It then asks for each player’s name and stores them in a vector.
The game loop starts by initializing a new game with the player names. It then asks if the user wants to play another round.
In conclusion, programming Blackjack in C++ is a fun and challenging exercise that requires knowledge of classes, object-oriented programming, algorithms, and basic C++ syntax. By following this tutorial, you should now have a better understanding of how to program Blackjack in C++. Good luck with your coding!
